一. 26个字母的书写
二. 5个元音字母的书写
三. 48个音标的认读
四. 有关的词汇
人称（I，you...）、动物、交通工具、颜色、家庭成员、日常用品、身体部位、数词、衣服鞋袜、国名、形容词（描述外形特征的词）、动词（表示行为动作的词）、方位介词（前后上下......）主食（饭，面包，面条，蛋糕...）、水果、饮料、疑问词（wh-开头的词语）......
五. 话题
关于姓名的对话、询问年龄、关于颜色、关于爱好、关于拥有（×××有......）、关于问好、打招呼、关于选择、指向（如：这是......？）、问数量、问来自哪里、问“你在做什么”、问价格、问能力（Can you...）、问出行方式、提出请求（如：May I have...？）、命令与禁止、问是谁、问是谁的、提建议（Let‘s...）、问最喜欢的动物是什么以及书上的有关对话等等
☆形容词的比较级☆
当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。
比较级的句子结构通常是：
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than（比）+ 什么 ,如：
I’m taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。）
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。）
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是：
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的，直接加r ，如 fine - finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er，如big - bigger, thin - thinner ,
hot - hotter
除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如：
many / much（原形）- more（比较级）- most（最高级）
little / few（原形） - less （比较级）- least（最高级）
good（原形） - better（比较级） - best（最高级）
bad （原形） - worse（比较级） - worst（最高级）
far （原形） - further- furthest
附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的er改成est，如：
tall （原形）- taller （比较级）- tallest （最高级）
long（原形）- longer（比较级）- longest（最高级）
big （原形）- bigger（比较级）- biggest（最高级）
☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）
比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
附：如果比较的两者是一样的时候，我们会用 as...as...这个词组，它的用法是：
什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一样......。如：
I‘m as tall as you.（我和你一样高。）
My feet are as big as yours.（我的脚和你的一样大。）
比较级专项练习
一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4) How is the white T-shirt? It‘s 100 yuan.
(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.
(6) How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
二、根据句意写出所缺的单词
(1) I‘m 12 years old. You’re 14. I‘m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey‘s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
三、根据中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brother.
(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 谁比你重? than you.
(5) 他比你更强壮. He is than you.
四、根据答句写出问句
(1) I‘m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(3) My shoes are 80 yuan.
(4) Amy‘s hair is 30 cm long.
(5) I have three English books.
☆时态☆
小学阶段一共学了四种时态，分别是：一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，一般过去时。下面我们一一进行总结。
1、 一般现在时
A、表示不受时限的客观存在
如：He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse.
This is a dog. I have a story-book.
B、表示现在的习惯动作，即指现在经常发生的动作，一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often（经常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有时） , always（总是，一直） , never（从不）
如：I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually play computer games on the weekend.
C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作
如：How are you? You look happy.
What’s the matter with you? I have a headache.
What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
☆注意☆ 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时，须在词尾加-s 或 -es。例如：
I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital.
Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English.
加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o “等字母结尾的。
如：watches , teaches , goes , washes
2、 一般将来时
表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。
☆注意☆ 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构：
①be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点 ②will + 动词的原形
例句： I‘m going to go shopping this afternoon.
She is going to Hong Kong next week.
You will see many birds in the sky.
3、 现在进行时
表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
☆注意☆它的构成是：be的现在时形式（am , is , are）加动词的ing形式。如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter.
What are they doing? They‘re swimming.
Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.
Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆注意☆ 动词的ing形式的构成规则：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing ,
如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
4、一般过去时
主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态，也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系，它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如：
I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
☆注意☆一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式，动词的过去式的构成规则有：
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed；
如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d；如lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如study - studied carry - carried worry - worried
（play、stay除外）
④ 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stopped
B、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：
sing - sang , eat - ate , see - saw , have - had , do - did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read , fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
☆注意☆句子的形式：
1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
I‘m going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I’m reading a book. They are swimming.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、 否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：
I‘m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn‘t) work in a hospital.
There are not four fans in our classroom.
I’m not going to buy a comic book tonight.
He will not (won‘t) eat lunch at 12:00.
I’m not reading a book. They are not (aren‘t) swimming.
I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆ 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。
有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面，可缩写成“isn‘t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don‘t , doesn’t , didn‘t ）。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中”does“只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而”did“只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用”did“ 。
3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用”yes“，或”no“来回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn‘t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren‘t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won‘t).
Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn‘t.
☆注意☆ 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，
①把动词be调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do，does，did）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中”does“只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而”did“只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用”did“ 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即问句里的第一个单词（助动词）和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用”yes 、no“来回答。如：
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He‘s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It‘s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I‘m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如： how many（多少(数量)）, how much（多少(钱)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多长）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）
例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，
How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少......？
How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少......？
How many + 名词复数 + are there...? 有多少......？
练习：
在横线上填上适当的单词
1. What your mother do?
She is teacher.
2. does she work?
She in a school.
3. What‘s hobby?
She likes shopping. Last weekend
she shopping with me.
4. Today is Monday.
Yesterday Sunday.
5. What you do yesterday?
I helped my mother housework.
6. you have a cold last week?
Yes, I did.
7. you feel better now?
Yes, thank you.
8. Mike: How you, Amy? You look so happy.
Amy: Yes. I excited. I am going on a big trip.
How you? You look happy too.
Mike: Yes. My father going buy me a new bike.
9. What you do yesterday?
It windy. I kites in the park.
10. What you do in summer?
I often swimming.
11. What does your father ?
He a nurse.
he work in a hospital?
Yes, he in a big hospital in our city.
12. Amy didn’t to school yesterday.
She had a headache.
13. does John go to school?
He usually to school by bike.
14. he go to school by bike this morning?
No, he didn‘t. He to school on foot.
15. What did you for breakfast this morning?
I had bread and milk.
16. did you go on your holiday?
I went to Hong Kong.
17. did you do there?I went shopping.
一、补充句子。
1、I often TV in the evening.
But yesterday evening I computer games.
2、John often football on Sundays.
But last Sunday he his grandparents.
3、 you usually go to school by bike?
Yes, but yesterday I to school on foot.
4、 your father go to work by car?
Yes, he does. But yesterday he to work by bus.
5、What you do on the weekends?
I often hiking.
. you go hiking last weekend?
Yes, I went hiking with my parents last Sunday.
6、What Amy usually do in the evening?
She usually books.
. she read a book yesterday evening?
No, she didn’t. She her homework.
二、根据文答句写出问句。
1、 ？
I did my homework yesterday.
2、 ？
We usually play basketball on the weekends.
3、 ？
No, I didn‘t watch TV. I listened to music.
4、？
I have a headache.
5、？
John is 160cm tall.
